Saturday, August 17, 2019

Boerhaave's syndrome in an ultramarathoner

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/12/8/e230343

Reversible acute kidney disease in a ultrarunner



Reversible Kidney Damage in a 100 mile runner.


At the 2018 Western States 100 mile race we encountered a runner who presented to the medical aid station at mile 70.   The runner was on his goal pace but had been noticing that the color of his urine had changed from clear to “copper colored.”   He denied any severe muscle pain and was running well.  This urine color began changing around mile 30 and then fluctuated for a while before getting worse between mile 65-70.  He also had not had any nausea or vomiting during the race.   He had taken some non-steroidal anti-inflammatories around mile 62  for foot and ankle pain he had for about 40 miles.  .   He was well ahead of the cutoff at the aid station.

Because of his symptoms, we elected to do an I-stat on a venous sample.  

Results showed:  

Sodium 135  (138-146)
Potassium 6.2  (3.5-4.9)
Chloride 98 (98-109)
CO2 27 (24-29)
Bun 58  (8-26) 
Creatinine 2.2  (0.6-1.3)
Glucose 127  (70-105)

After consultation with the race director, we discussed the risks of him continuing and warning signs.   He was instructed to back off his pace a bit, hydrate and not take any more anti-inflammatories.    He was also instructed to recheck in at the medical tent at the finish for re-evaluation.

 He “fast-walked” with some mild running from mile 70-95.   At mile 95 he started running again with no problems.  Upon finishing, we performed another i-stat.

Post race results showed

Sodium 134
Potassium 4.8
Chloride 100
CO2 23
BUN 44
Creatinine 1.6
Glucose 123

This is the first time we have seen a runner with acute renal injury as documented by i-stat testing continue with a race and show improvement in renal function while continuing with the race.    The treatment plan of increasing hydration, backing off of exertion and avoiding NSAIDS allowed him to finish while his renal function improved.   Despite the elevated BUN/Cr levels, the runner was looking good and didn’t seem in any medical distress.

Teaching points:
1) Runners with mild renal failure can continue to safely run a race given proper instructions
2) Having an i-stat available  did give us the ability to more accurately determine the extent of the runners kidney injury
3) In cases where there are no clear guidelines, having an honest discussion with  athletes of the risk/benefits of continuing the race can help the runner meet their goals.  In this case, we were fortunate that the runner was honest with the medical staff and trusted our advice.  In return, we also wanted to do what we could to help the runner continue so they could achieve a race finish.